{"id":43888,"date":"2024-01-12T10:38:44","date_gmt":"2024-01-12T02:38:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/?p=43888"},"modified":"2024-01-13T11:26:51","modified_gmt":"2024-01-13T03:26:51","slug":"b15a485b7f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/a\/43888","title":{"rendered":"Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part 2): Odor Perception and Olfactory Fatigue"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Summary\uff1a<\/p>\n

This article is the second part of the \"Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide\" series, focusing on the issues of odor perception and olfactory fatigue in the sensory evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Olfactory fatigue can lead to an evaluator's inability to accurately identify subtle differences between samples, thus affecting the accuracy of the evaluation. The article also introduces the two types of olfaction: orthonasal perception and retronasal perception, and their application in the sensory evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Understanding and reducing olfactory fatigue is crucial for professionals in the electronic cigarette industry.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u8bc4\u5438\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u4e0b\u65b9\u94fe\u63a5\u76f4\u8fbe\u4e0a\u671f\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part 1): The Puffing Evaluation Method<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u672c\u671f\u5c06\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u4e86\u89e3\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5168\u9762\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u656c\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Topic 2 \u00a0\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3<\/span><\/em>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u5438\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u95ee\u9898\u4fbf\u662f\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8bc4\u5438\u4eba\u5458\u5931\u53bb\u5bf9\u6837\u54c1\u95f4\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u8fa8\u522b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u54c1\u5f53\u4e2d\u201c\u968f\u4fbf\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u731c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u731c\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u788d\u4e8e\u9762\u5b50\uff0c\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u5438\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u9690\u85cf\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fa8\u522b\u6837\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5438\u4eba\u5458\u51fa\u73b0\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u201c\u731c\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u9690\u853d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u55c5\u89c9\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c0f\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u4e86\u89e3\u55c5\u89c9 (Olfactory)<\/strong><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4ec5\u4ece\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u55c5\u89c9\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5927\u81f4\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u8bc6(\u56fe\u4e00)\uff0c\u5373\u55c5\u89c9\u5206\u4e3a\u524d\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9(<\/span>orthonasal\u00a0<\/span>perception<\/span>)\u548c\u540e\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9(retronasal\u00a0perception<\/span><\/span>)\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4eba\u9f3b\u5438\u5165\u6c14\u4f53\u65f6\u9014\u7ecf\u7ea2\u8272\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9\u8fdb\u884c\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u53e3\u8154\u5403\u5165\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5438\u5165\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u65f6\uff0c\u9014\u7ecf\u7684\u662f\u84dd\u8272\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9\u8fdb\u884c\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u55c5\u89c9\u9014\u7ecf\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b64\u7acb\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540e\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9\u80fd\u591f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u53e3\u8154\u4e2d\u70df\u6c14\u7684\u98ce\u5473\u3002
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e0a\u4e00\u671f\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u8bc4\u5438\u6cd5\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u5faa\u73af\u8bc4\u5438\u6cd5\u5747\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5438\uff0c\u800c\u9f3b\u5438\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u9f3b\u55c5\u89c9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9f3b\u5438\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5438\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5168\u9762\u5730\u5bf9\u70df\u6c14\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Electronic<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e00\u00a0\u55c5\u89c9\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u901a\u8def (Viola Bojanowski\u7b49\uff0c2012<\/span>)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u73b0\u5728<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u70df\u6c14(\u6216\u6c14\u6eb6\u80f6)\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u00a0<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u55c5\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe\u4e8c\u6240\u793a\uff1a\u6709\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\uff08\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\uff09\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u53d7\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u6c14\u5473\u53d7\u4f53\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u79bb\u5b50\u6d8c\u52a8\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\uff0c\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u901a\u8def\u62b5\u8fbe\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Electronic<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e8c\u00a0\u55c5\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u5b8b\u7115\u7984\u7b49\uff0c2021\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b8b\u7115\u7984, \u738b\u4e3d\u91d1, 2021.\u00a0\u98df\u54c1\u98ce\u5473\u5316\u5b66\u4e0e\u5206\u6790.<\/span><\/p>\n

Viola Bojanowski\u00a0&\u00a0Thomas Hummel, 2012.\u00a0Retronasal perception of odors,\u00a0Physiology & Behavior,\u00a0Volume 107, Issue 4,\u00a0Pages 484-487.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part 2): Odor Perception and Olfactory Fatigue<\/p>\n

The first article in this series introduced the topic of \"Electronic Cigarette Puffing Methods,\" which can be accessed through the link below.<\/p>\n

Electronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part 1): Puffing Methods<\/p>\n

In this issue, we will explore the topics of odor perception and olfactory fatigue in the sensory evaluation of electronic cigarettes. The series will continue to provide a comprehensive and in-depth look at the sensory evaluation of electronic cigarettes, so please stay tuned.<\/p>\n

Topic 2: Odor Perception and Olfactory Fatigue in Sensory Evaluation<\/p>\n

A challenging issue that electronic cigarette industry professionals inevitably encounter during sensory evaluation is olfactory fatigue. The onset of olfactory fatigue can cause evaluators to lose their ability to discern subtle differences between samples, leading to a \"guessing behavior\" in the sensory evaluation, which severely affects the accuracy of the sensory assessment conclusions. Worse still, due to pride, sensory evaluators often choose to hide the fact that they cannot distinguish the minor differences between samples.<\/p>\n

In practice, the \"guessing behavior\" resulting from olfactory fatigue among evaluators is very common and also very covert. Such guessing behavior can seriously affect the results of sensory evaluations and subsequent business judgments. Therefore, understanding olfaction, olfactory fatigue, and researching how to minimize the impact of olfactory fatigue is crucial for those working with electronic cigarettes.<\/p>\n

(1) Understanding Olfaction (Olfactory)<\/p>\n

This section is briefly described from the perspective of electronic cigarette industry practitioners.<\/p>\n

To date, there is a general consensus in the academic community about our understanding of olfaction (Figure 1), which is that olfaction is divided into two parts: orthonasal perception and retronasal perception. When we inhale through the nose, the red pathway is used for orthonasal odor perception; whereas when we consume food orally or inhale electronic cigarette vapor, the blue pathway is used for retronasal odor perception. These two olfactory pathways are not isolated but often work together. Retronasal olfaction can pass through a special olfactory receptor area, allowing a more comprehensive perception of the flavor of the smoke in the mouth.<\/p>\n

The local circulation puffing method and the overall circulation puffing method mentioned in the previous issue mainly employ retronasal olfaction for evaluation, while the nasal snuffing method makes more use of our orthonasal olfaction. Therefore, using the nasal snuffing method for evaluation makes it difficult to comprehensively assess the smoke.<\/p>\n

Figure 1: The Two Pathways of Olfaction (Viola Bojanowski et al., 2012)<\/p>\n

Now that we understand the pathways through which the vapor (or aerosol) from electronic cigarettes is perceived by us, what happens at the end of these pathways?<\/p>\n

The process by which we perceive odors through olfaction is shown in Figure 2: Odoriferous air (chemical signals) binds to our odor receptors, activating them and generating ionic fluxes, thereby converting chemical signals into electrical signals. These electrical signals travel through a series of pathways to reach the brain, forming the perception of odor.<\/p>\n

Figure 2: Schematic of the Olfactory System (Song Huanlu et al., 2021)<\/p>\n

References:<\/p>\n

Song Huanlu, Wang Lijin, 2021. Food Flavor Chemistry and Analysis.<\/p>\n

Viola Bojanowski & Thomas Hummel, 2012. Retronasal perception of odors, Physiology & Behavior, Volume 107, Issue 4, Pages 484-487.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span>\u672c\u671f\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u55c5\u89c9\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u70df\u6c14\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e0b\u4e00\u671f\u6211\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u201c\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u51cf\u5c11\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u539f\u521b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u5404\u4f4d\u7684\u8ba2\u9605\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u8d8a\u591a\u70b9\u8d5e\uff0c\u8d8a\u591a\u8ba2\u9605\uff0c\u8d8a\u591a\u4f18\u8d28\u5185\u5bb9~~ \u6b22\u8fce\u50ac\u66f4\uff01\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u96fe\u5316\u63a2\u79d8\uff09\uff1aElectronic Cigarette Sensory Evaluation Guide (Part 2): Odor Perception and Olfactory Fatigue<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981\uff1a \u672c\u6587\u662f\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u5357\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u611f\u5b98\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e2d\u6c14\u5473\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u55c5\u89c9\u75b2\u52b3\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bc4\u5438\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u8fa8\u8bc6\u6837\u54c1\u95f4\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u55c5\u89c9\u7684 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-t"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43888\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}