{"id":34062,"date":"2022-05-28T10:20:24","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T02:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/?p=34062"},"modified":"2022-05-28T10:20:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T02:20:42","slug":"ec92b2f51e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/a\/34062","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6458\u00a0 \u8981\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5404\u56fd\u63a7\u70df\u529b\u5ea6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u53ca\u76d1\u7ba1\u73b0\u72b6\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u56db\u70b9\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u52a0\u5f3a\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\uff1b\u7535\u5b50\u70df\uff1b\u52a0\u70ed\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\uff1b\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>In recent years, with the continuous increase of tobacco control efforts in various countries, the continuous upgrading of tobacco production technology and the diversification of consumer demand, new tobacco products have been developed rapidly, which has brought a strong impact on traditional tobacco products. Based on this, China has formulated relevant regulations, with a view to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and regulating market order. This paper starts with the concept, characteristics, classification, development and supervision of new tobacco products, and puts forward four suggestions to strengthen market supervision of new tobacco products under new situation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Key words : new tobacco products ; electronic cigarettes ; heating tobacco products ; market supervision<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u7591\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e5f\u5904\u4e8e\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u300b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u53ca\u914d\u5957\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u70df\u8349\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u843d\u5b9e\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u65b9\u7565\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u884c\u4e1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u575a\u6301\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u56fd\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u9886\u5bfc\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4e13\u5356\u4e13\u8425\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u65b0\u589e\u6cd5\u89c4\u52a0\u5f3a\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1.1.\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b3e\u4e4b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u5377\u70df\u3001\u96ea\u8304\u70df\u3001\u70df\u4e1d\u3001\u590d\u70e4\u70df\u53f6\u7edf\u79f0\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u201d\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u70df\u8349\u71c3\u70e7\u4ea7\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u5404\u7c7b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4f9b\u5438\u70df\u8005\u5438\u98df\u7684\u71c3\u5438\u5f0f\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4f5c\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u6307\u542b\u6709\u70df\u8349\u6216\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u70df\u96fe\u3001\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed9\u4eba\u62bd\u5438\u5feb\u611f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u71c3\u5438\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u5377\u70df\u578b\u7684\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u71c3\u70e7\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7126\u6cb9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5bb3\u6210\u5206\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u542b\u6709\u70df\u8349\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u751f\u7406\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.\u79cd\u7c7b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u70df(\u84b8\u6c7d\u7535\u5b50\u70df)\u3001\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u3001\u65e0\u70df\u6c14\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u70df\u652f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c8\u53ef\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u70df\u652f\u5206\u4e3a\u642d\u914d\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u70df\u5f39\u548c\u642d\u914d\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6cb9\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u3001\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.1.\u7535\u5b50\u70df<\/span><\/p>\n

2000\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u836f\u5242\u5e08\u97e9\u529b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u53d1\u660e\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5982\u70df\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u7533\u8bf7\u4e13\u5229\uff0c2004\u5e74\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u81ea\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u5730\u3002\u4ece2010\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5f97\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u53ef\u5145\u9502\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u6e29\u63a7\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u96fe\u5316\u5668\u3001\u70df\u6cb9\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u4e1d\u3001\u5bfc\u6cb9\u68c9\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6e29\u63a7\u4e3b\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u96fe\u5316\u5668\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u70ed\u4e1d\u548c\u5bfc\u6cb9\u68c9\u6765\u52a0\u70ed\u6cb9\u8231\u4e2d\u7684\u70df\u6cb9\uff0c\u5c06\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u6216\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u76d0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u84b8\u6c7d\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u53d6\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2.2.\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1<\/span><\/p>\n

2014\u5e746\u6708\u83f2\u83ab\u56fd\u9645\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u2014\u2014IQOS\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u64bc\u52a8\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5377\u70df\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u201c\u5c3c\u53e4\u4e01\u9012\u9001\u88c5\u7f6e\u201d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cIQOS\u4f9d\u65e7\u91c7\u7528\u4e07\u5b9d\u8def\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u62bd\u5438\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531\u70b9\u71c3\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u70d8\u70e4\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5377\u70df\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u65e0\u9700\u70b9\u706b\u3001\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u70df\u7070\u4e0e\u70df\u96fe\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660eIQOS\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fdFDA\u51fa\u5177\u7684HPHC\u5217\u8868\uff08\u62a5\u544a\u6709\u5bb3\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u6709\u5bb3\uff09\u4e2d\u5377\u70df\u6240\u542b90%-95%\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u201cIQOS\u76f8\u6bd4\u5377\u70df\u66f4\u4e3a\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u4e00\u8bf4\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/strong><\/span>\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1.\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5<\/span><\/p>\n

2021\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u70df\u8349\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9664\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5916\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a213\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f12.1%\u3002\u4ece\u4ea7\u54c1\u79cd\u7c7b\u770b\uff0c\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a135.2\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f13.9%\uff1b\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a77.8\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f9.1%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u6ce8\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u70df\u6db2\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a55.6\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f10%\u3002\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u770b\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4e3b\u8981\u5e02\u573a\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6709\u5173\u80ba\u75c5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u76d1\u7ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u75ab\u60c5\u51b2\u51fb\u4e2d\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u7f8e\u56fd\u626d\u8f6c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u5ea6\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d103.1\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f9.9%\u3002\u53d7\u6d88\u8d39\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u4ee5\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u7ee7\u7eed\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u5360\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e0d\u8db33%\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5e02\u573a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u7a33\uff0c2021\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a34.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f16.9%\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c67.0%\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6765\u81ea\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\uff0c\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\"\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe 1\uff1a2012-2021\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u548c\u589e\u957f\u7387<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u3001\u8fdc\u9500\u6b27\u7f8e\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u81ea2019\u5e74\u4e0b\u53d1\u9500\u552e\u9650\u4ee4\u8d77\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9500\u552e\u94fe\u5f97\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5c0f\u800c\u6742\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee5\u60a6\u523b\u3001\u67da\u5b50\u7b49\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5927\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u5176\u9500\u552e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ece\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7ebf\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2.\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5<\/span><\/p>\n

2021\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u70df\u8349\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u89c4\u6a21\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u589e\u901f\u7ee7\u7eed\u56de\u843d\u3002\u9664\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5916\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a264.1\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f27.1%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u70df\u5177\u9500\u91cf\u4e3a2570\u4e07\u5957\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a17.8\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u91cf\u4e3a229.4\u4e07\u7bb1\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a246.3\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u8303\u56f4\u770b\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u683c\u5c40\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u5f15\u5165\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u7684\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u5e02\u573a\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u589e\u901f\u5df2\u7ecf\u56de\u843d\u5230\u4e2a\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c2021\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a103.1\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f7.4%\uff0c\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e3a39.0%\uff0c\u8f83\u4e0a\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d7.2\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u5e02\u573a\u589e\u901f\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u56de\u843d\uff0c\u4f46\u589e\u901f\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u6700\u5927\u30022021\u5e74\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u4e3a124.8\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f45.9%\uff0c\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e3a47.3%\uff0c\u8f83\u4e0a\u5e74\u63d0\u9ad86.1\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u7b49\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u552e\u989d\u589e\u901f\u90fd\u8d85\u8fc760%\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u83f2\u83ab\u56fd\u9645IQOS\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u5df2\u83b7FDA\u7684\u51cf\u5bb3\u70df\u8349\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08MRTP\uff09\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u9500\u552e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe 2\uff1a2017-2021\u5e74\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u9500\u91cf\u548c\u589e\u957f\u7387<\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong>\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u73b0\u72b6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u4ece\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e3b\u4f53\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u65e2\u6709\u70df\u8349\u6210\u5206\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u6807\u8bc6 \u3001\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u6765\u6e90\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u6d41\u901a\u9886\u57df\u3001\u9500\u552e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u5408\u6cd5\u5408\u89c4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u70df\u8349\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u6d77\u5173\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u7ecf\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u8981\u5c06\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u5377\u70df\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u3001\u53e3\u542b\u70df\u3001\u5480\u56bc\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u70df\u8349\u4ea7\u4e1a\u65b0\u5174\u6218\u7565\u6027\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5f53\u4f5c\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6218\u7565\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b2021\u5e745\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u5212\u53f8\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a7b\u534e\u4ee3\u8868\u5904\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5438\u70df\u5371\u5bb3\u5065\u5eb7\u62a5\u544a2020\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5438\u98df\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4f1a\u81f4\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u7528\u5377\u70df\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u660e\u663e\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5728\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u5df2\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u7403\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u662f\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u63a7\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.1.\u76d1\u7ba1\u653f\u7b56<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6309\u7167\u666e\u901a\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7eb3\u5165\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u6309\u836f\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u56db\u662f\u4e25\u7981\u9500\u552e\uff1b\u4e94\u662f\u4e25\u7981\u9500\u552e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c2021\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5370\u53d1\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539<\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u6761\u4f8b>\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\uff0c\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u53c2\u7167\u672c\u6761\u4f8b\u5377\u70df\u7684\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u6211\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7edf\u4e00\u7eb3\u5165\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u5bfc\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u597d\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u30022022\u5e743\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u5236\u5b9a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8e5\u67081\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u65bd\u884c\uff0c\u529e\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e94\u5f53\u7b26\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u30024\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u5c40\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u300b\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8e10\u67081\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u751f\u6548\u7684\u300a\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\uff082020\u4fee\u8ba2\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2.\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76d1\u7ba1\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c1+2+N\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u300a\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u300b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u65b0\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9500\u552e\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5747\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u3001\u96fe\u5316\u7269\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7528\u70df\u78b1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7b49\u5747\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u5305\u62ec\u70df\u5f39\u3001\u70df\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u70df\u5f39\u4e0e\u70df\u5177\u7ec4\u5408\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u7981\u6b62\u9500\u552e\u9664\u70df\u8349\u53e3\u5473\u5916\u7684\u8c03\u5473\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u548c\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u96fe\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u542b\u70df\u78b1\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u7eb3\u5165\u76d1\u7ba1\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5168\u56fd\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u3001\u5e02\u3001\u53bf\u7ea7\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u4f9d\u636e\u89c4\u5b9a\u804c\u6743\u8d1f\u8d23\u672c\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u6279\u53d1\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b9e\u884c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u4e25\u683c\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u63a7\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ea7\u54c1\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3001\u62bd\u68c0\u62bd\u6d4b\u548c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u5b9e\u884c\u9500\u552e\u6e20\u9053\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c6\u670815\u65e5\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4ea4\u6613\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6709\u5173\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u7eb3\u5165\u5e73\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\uff1b\u5bf9\u8fd0\u8f93\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u3001\u96fe\u5316\u7269\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7528\u70df\u78b1\u7b49\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u5e94\u5f53\u63a5\u53d7\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u884c\u653f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u5bf9\u5883\u5185\u5916\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u884c\u80a1\u7968\u5e76\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u7f6e\u5ba1\u67e5\uff1b\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6280\u672f\u5408\u4f5c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u5230\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u300b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea7\u54c1\u6539\u9020\u3001\u5411\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7533\u8bf7\u4ea7\u54c1\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u843d\u5b9e\u76f8\u5173\u76d1\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e865\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u52302022\u5e749\u670830\u65e5\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u5b58\u91cf\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\uff082021\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\u300a\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u524d\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u5408\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u5f00\u5c55\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6682\u4e0d\u5f97\u6295\u8d44\u65b0\u8bbe\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\uff1b\u5b58\u91cf\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u6682\u4e0d\u5f97\u65b0\u5efa\u6216\u6269\u5927\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6682\u4e0d\u5f97\u65b0\u8bbe\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\uff1b\u5404\u7ea7\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u6682\u4e0d\u53d7\u7406\u5404\u7c7b\u8bb8\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6838\u53d1\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u5185\u8fdd\u89c4\u65b0\u8bbe\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u6267\u7167\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3.\u5bf9\u52a0\u70ed\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u5df2\u660e\u786e\u52a0\u70ed\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u70df\u5177\u201d\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u54c1\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u70df\u5f39\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5377\u70df\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u4ea6\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5377\u70df\uff0c\u5df2\u7eb3\u5165\u5377\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u672a\u6279\u51c6\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u5728\u5883\u5185\u4e0a\u5e02\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u5f97\u975e\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u52a0\u70ed\u5377\u70df\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u52a0\u70ed\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u5377\u70df\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u8d70\u79c1\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u9500\u552e\u725f\u5229\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u6d41\u901a\u73af\u8282\u67e5\u83b7\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u52a0\u70ed\u4e0d\u71c3\u70e7\u5377\u70df\u884c\u4e3a\u6309\u7167\u975e\u6cd5\u7ecf\u8425\u7f6a\u6765\u5b9a\u7f6a\u91cf\u5211\uff0c\u8ffd\u7a76\u76f8\u5173\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5df2\u5728\u516c\u68c0\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u8fbe\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.<\/strong>\u52a0\u5f3a\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u6539\u9020\u3002\u884c\u653f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u5728\u5b8c\u5584\u81ea\u8eab\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4e5f\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e3e\u63aa\u5b8c\u5584\u76d1\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u8fdb\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u66f4\u52a0\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.1.\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u7b56\u5b66\u4e60\u5ba3\u8d2f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7701\u3001\u5e02\u3001\u53bf\u7ea7\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u5c06\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u4fee\u4f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u914d\u5957\u653f\u7b56\uff081+2+N\u653f\u7b56\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4f4d\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u5230\u4f4d\u3001\u6267\u884c\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdd\u89c4\u65b0\u589e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u8fdd\u89c4\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u5e94\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u5730\u65b9\u515a\u59d4\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6c47\u62a5\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u5411\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u505a\u597d\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u5e94\u5404\u4e3b\u4f53\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u5411\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u65b0\u89c4\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u8425\u9020\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u518d\u8005\u5e94\u52a0\u5927\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6c11\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u7406\u800c\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2.\u843d\u5b9e\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5c55\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u6574\u6cbb\u4e13\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u843d\u5b9e\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u5c40\u7b49\u56db\u90e8\u95e8\u8054\u5408\u5370\u53d1\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u6cbb\u5411\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u6d89\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u8fdd\u6cd5\u72af\u7f6a\u4e13\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u6821\u56ed\u5468\u8fb9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u9500\u552e\u7f51\u70b9\u6e05\u7406\u6574\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u67e5\u5904\u5411\u672a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u9500\u552e\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9010\u7ea7\u6210\u7acb\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e13\u73ed\uff0c\u5404\u4e13\u73ed\u6839\u636e\u8f96\u533a\u60c5\u51b5\u5f62\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6309\u6708\u6c47\u62a5\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\u5185\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u8303\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u9010\u6b65\u5236\u5b9a\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u96f6\u552e\u5e97\u5e03\u5c40\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u5c55\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u534f\u8c03\u5f00\u5c55\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u6279\u53d1\u4f01\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.3.\u5efa\u7acb\u5065\u5168\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a2\u7d22\u6784\u5efa\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5408\u7406\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u6784\u5efa\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u7ebf\u4e0b\u7ba1\u63a7\u3001\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6 \u3001\u8054\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u6709\u6548\u76d1\u7ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e92\u901a\u3001\u65e0\u8bc1\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u7ebf\u7d22\u7814\u5224\u3001\u884c\u5211\u8854\u63a5\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u5f3a\u5316\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3001\u7ebf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u8054\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u51c0\u5316\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8981\u505a\u597d\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u6750\u6599\u8d2d\u8fdb\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u9500\u552e\u7b49\u5404\u73af\u8282\u7684\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u505a\u597d\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5b9e\u8df5\u73af\u8282\u5185\u7684\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

4.4.\u63d0\u5347\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63d0\u5347\u76d1\u7ba1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u5c55\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4e2d\u6027\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c42\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u76d1\u7ba1\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6267\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u7ec6\u5316\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u4eba\u5458\u5236\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5956\u7f5a\u5206\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

5.<\/strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u4f01\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u89c4\u5b9a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u70df\u8349\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002\u5728\u575a\u6301\u56fd\u5bb6\u70df\u8349\u4e13\u5356\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0d\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u7a33\u59a5\u5730\u505a\u597d\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u4e13\u5356\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u628a\u5236\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7406\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]\u738b\u709c,\u9a6c\u660e.\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76[J].\u73b0\u4ee3\u5546\u8d38\u5de5\u4e1a,2022,1:97-99.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]\u6f58\u94ce\u5370.\u4f9d\u6cd5\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7b49\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1[N].\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5236\u65f6\u62a5,20211209,002.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[3]\u5f20\u6960.\u4e24\u90e8\u95e8\u89e3\u8bfb\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u201c\u6700\u5f3a\u76d1\u7ba1\u201d\u65b0\u653f[N].\u5317\u4eac\u65e5\u62a5,20220418,006.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[4]\u8861\u4e19\u6743.2021\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u70df\u8349\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a\uff08\u4e0a\uff09[N].\u4e1c\u65b9\u70df\u8349\u62a5,20220423.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[5]\u5468\u6770.\u6d45\u6790\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u76d1\u7ba1\u7b56\u7565[J].\u5546\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76,20190418,30.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[6]\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u70df\u300b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u7b54[N].\u4e1c\u65b9\u70df\u8349\u62a5,20220414,001.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[7]\u5ed6\u6ce2.\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u5206\u6790[J].\u7ecf\u8425\u7248\u884c\u4e1a\u89c6\u89d2,2021,07:16-17.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[8]\u90d1\u6625\u6865,\u5b98\u6620\u7136.\u6d45\u6790\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7ba1\u95ee\u9898[J].\u6cd5\u5236\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a,2021,01:33-34.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[9]\u81e7\u805a\u6167.\u6d45\u8c08\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1[J].\u6cd5\u5236\u535a\u89c8,2018(09).<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[10]\u5f20\u78ca.\u5bf9\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76[C].\u4e2d\u56fd\u70df\u8349\u5b66\u4f1a2016\u5e74\u5ea6\u4f18\u79c0\u8bba\u6587\u6c47\u7f16\u2014\u2014\u4e13\u5356\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u9898,2016:593-595.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u539f\u6587\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff08\u9020\u96fe\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u00a0 \u8981\uff1a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5404\u56fd\u63a7\u70df\u529b\u5ea6\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u65b0\u578b\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u4fdd\u62a4 …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34062\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abesmoke.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}